{"id":460,"date":"2026-09-29T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/?post_type=tornelle_blog&#038;p=460"},"modified":"2026-09-21T22:55:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T19:55:50","slug":"surface-roughness-ra-rz-cnc-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"tornelle_blog","link":"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/yuzey-puruzlulugu-ra-rz-cnc-imalat\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00fczey P\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Ra, Rz) CNC \u0130malatta Ne Anlama Gelir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir resimde &#8220;Ra 0,4&#8221; yazmas\u0131, o y\u00fczeyin parlak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez; belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemiyle elde edilen aritmetik ortalama sapman\u0131n 0,4 \u00b5m&#8217;yi ge\u00e7memesi gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu fark\u0131 bilmemek, gereksiz ta\u015flama ve parlatma operasyonlar\u0131na ya da tam tersine fonksiyonel y\u00fczeylerin yetersiz kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Bu yaz\u0131, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/tolerance-selection-is-0-01-mm-really-necessary\/\">tolerans se\u00e7imi<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczey taraf\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Temel Parametreler<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ra (aritmetik ortalama p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck):<\/strong> Profilin orta \u00e7izgiden mutlak sapmalar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131. En yayg\u0131n parametre; genel y\u00fczey kalitesini iyi tan\u0131mlar, ancak tek bir derin \u00e7izi\u011fi gizleyebilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rz (ortalama en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fckseklik):<\/strong> Her \u00f6rnekleme uzunlu\u011funda en y\u00fcksek tepe ile en derin \u00e7ukur aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n be\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm ortalamas\u0131. Tekil derin izlere duyarl\u0131d\u0131r; s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k ve yataklama y\u00fczeylerinde Ra&#8217;dan daha anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. Kabaca Rz \u2248 4\u20137 \u00d7 Ra (i\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemine ba\u011fl\u0131; d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kesin de\u011fildir).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rmax \/ Rt:<\/strong> T\u00fcm \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm uzunlu\u011fundaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck tepe-\u00e7ukur fark\u0131; en sert parametre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rq, Rsk, Rku, Rmr:<\/strong> \u00d6zel uygulamalarda (yataklar, s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k, kaplama yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131) kullan\u0131lan ek parametreler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ra ile Rz ayn\u0131 y\u00fczeyde birbirine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez; hangisi isteniyorsa o \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir. Alman kaynakl\u0131 resimlerde Rz, \u0130ngilizce ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e resimlerde Ra daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Eski N S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Eski resimlerde ve baz\u0131 standartlarda h\u00e2l\u00e2 N s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 (ISO 1302 eski s\u00fcr\u00fcm) g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>N s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/th>\n<th>Ra (\u00b5m)<\/th>\n<th>Tipik y\u00f6ntem<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>N12<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>Kaba d\u00f6k\u00fcm, alevle kesme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N10<\/td>\n<td>12,5<\/td>\n<td>Kaba tornalama\/frezeleme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N9<\/td>\n<td>6,3<\/td>\n<td>Normal tornalama\/frezeleme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N8<\/td>\n<td>3,2<\/td>\n<td>\u0130yi tornalama\/frezeleme (CNC standart)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N7<\/td>\n<td>1,6<\/td>\n<td>\u0130nce tornalama\/frezeleme, rayba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N6<\/td>\n<td>0,8<\/td>\n<td>\u00c7ok ince tornalama, ta\u015flama, kayar otomat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N5<\/td>\n<td>0,4<\/td>\n<td>Ta\u015flama, honlama, hassas tornalama (pirin\u00e7\/al\u00fcminyum)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N4<\/td>\n<td>0,2<\/td>\n<td>\u0130nce ta\u015flama, honlama, lepleme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>N3<\/td>\n<td>0,1<\/td>\n<td>Lepleme, parlatma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>CNC Tornalama ve Frezelemede Ula\u015f\u0131labilir De\u011ferler<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0130\u015flem<\/th>\n<th>Rutin Ra (ek maliyetsiz)<\/th>\n<th>Ula\u015f\u0131labilir Ra (ek paso\/\u00f6zen)<\/th>\n<th>\u00d6tesi i\u00e7in<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>CNC tornalama, \u00e7elik<\/td>\n<td>1,6\u20133,2<\/td>\n<td>0,8<\/td>\n<td>Ta\u015flama (0,2\u20130,4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CNC tornalama, al\u00fcminyum\/pirin\u00e7<\/td>\n<td>0,8\u20131,6<\/td>\n<td>0,4<\/td>\n<td>Parlatma, elmas tornalama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kayar otomat, pirin\u00e7\/otomat \u00e7eli\u011fi<\/td>\n<td>0,4\u20130,8<\/td>\n<td>0,2\u20130,4<\/td>\n<td>Rulo parlatma, ta\u015flama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CNC frezeleme, d\u00fcz y\u00fczey (planya)<\/td>\n<td>1,6\u20133,2<\/td>\n<td>0,8<\/td>\n<td>Ta\u015flama, lepleme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CNC frezeleme, yan duvar<\/td>\n<td>1,6\u20133,2<\/td>\n<td>0,8\u20131,6<\/td>\n<td>Grinding<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Delik: matkap<\/td>\n<td>3,2\u20136,3<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>Rayba (0,8\u20131,6), honlama (0,2\u20130,4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Delik: baralama (boring)<\/td>\n<td>0,8\u20131,6<\/td>\n<td>0,4<\/td>\n<td>Honlama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Di\u015f a\u00e7ma<\/td>\n<td>1,6\u20133,2<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>Ovalama<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>De\u011ferler tipiktir; tak\u0131m, kesme parametreleri, malzeme ve makine durumu etkiler. Paslanmaz ve titanyum gibi zor i\u015flenen malzemelerde rutin de\u011ferler bir kademe kabala\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Maliyet Etkisi<\/h2>\n<p>Ra 3,2&#8217;den Ra 1,6&#8217;ya inmek \u00e7o\u011funlukla parametre de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle sa\u011flan\u0131r ve maliyeti \u00e7ok az etkiler. Ra 0,8, fini\u015f pasosu ve tak\u0131m se\u00e7imiyle tornada ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r (%5\u201315 ek). Ra 0,4 ve alt\u0131, \u00e7elikte neredeyse her zaman ikinci bir operasyon (ta\u015flama, honlama, parlatma) ve ayr\u0131 bir makine, ba\u011flama ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm anlam\u0131na gelir; bu, ilgili y\u00fczey i\u00e7in maliyeti 2\u20133 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Bu nedenle en pahal\u0131 hata, ba\u015fl\u0131k blo\u011funa &#8220;t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyler Ra 0,8&#8221; veya &#8220;Ra 0,4&#8221; yazmakt\u0131r: Fonksiyonel olmayan y\u00fczeyler de gereksiz yere hassasla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Do\u011fru yakla\u015f\u0131m: genel y\u00fczey Ra 3,2 (veya 1,6), yaln\u0131zca fonksiyonel y\u00fczeylerde daha ince de\u011fer. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/dfm-design-for-manufacturability-cut-cnc-costs\/\">DFM yaz\u0131m\u0131zda<\/a> bu ilkeyi di\u011fer maliyet kalemleriyle birlikte ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n<h2>Hangi Y\u00fczeye Hangi De\u011fer?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Serbest y\u00fczeyler, d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong> Ra 3,2\u20136,3<\/li>\n<li><strong>Montaj ve dayanma y\u00fczeyleri:<\/strong> Ra 1,6\u20133,2<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kayma ve yataklama y\u00fczeyleri (bur\u00e7, mil):<\/strong> Ra 0,4\u20130,8; Rz belirtmek daha anlaml\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\n<li><strong>O-ring ve ke\u00e7e s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyleri:<\/strong> Ra 0,4\u20130,8 (dinamik: 0,2\u20130,4; ke\u00e7e \u00fcreticisinin \u00f6nerisine bak\u0131n); y\u00f6nl\u00fc iz olmamal\u0131<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hidrolik silindir i\u00e7i:<\/strong> Ra 0,1\u20130,4, honlanm\u0131\u015f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kaplama \u00f6ncesi y\u00fczey:<\/strong> Kaplama p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6rtmez, \u00e7o\u011funlukla art\u0131r\u0131r; dekoratif kaplamada Ra 0,4\u20130,8 zemin gerekir<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 ekipman\u0131 temas y\u00fczeyi:<\/strong> Ra 0,8 (hijyenik tasar\u0131mda \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r), elektropolisaj ile 0,4 alt\u0131<\/li>\n<li><strong>Medikal implant:<\/strong> Uygulamaya g\u00f6re Ra 0,05\u20130,5, \u00f6zel standartlar ge\u00e7erlidir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>Y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, temasl\u0131 profilometre (elmas u\u00e7lu i\u011fne y\u00fczey boyunca \u00e7ekilir) veya optik y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sonu\u00e7, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm parametrelerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: kesme dalga boyu (\u03bbc, tipik 0,8 mm), \u00f6rnekleme uzunlu\u011fu ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm y\u00f6n\u00fc (i\u015fleme izlerine dik). Resimde bu parametreler yazm\u0131yorsa ISO 21920 (eski ISO 4288) varsay\u0131lanlar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma plakalar\u0131 (g\u00f6zle\/t\u0131rnakla) yaln\u0131zca kaba kontrol i\u00e7indir, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm raporuna girmez. Dar toleransl\u0131 y\u00fczey gereksinimlerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm raporunda parametre ve cihaz belirtilmelidir; \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm raporlar\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/quality-assurance-at-a-cnc-contract-manufacturer-in-turkey-iso-9001-measurement-report-material-certificate\/\">kalite g\u00fcvencesi<\/a> yaz\u0131m\u0131za bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>Resimde Y\u00fczey Sembol\u00fcn\u00fc Do\u011fru Yazmak<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Parametreyi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131n: &#8220;Ra 0,8&#8221; veya &#8220;Rz 6,3&#8221;; sadece &#8220;0,8&#8221; belirsizdir.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dcst s\u0131n\u0131r m\u0131, aral\u0131k m\u0131? Varsay\u0131lan \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131r (\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011fer \u2264 yaz\u0131lan). Alt s\u0131n\u0131r gerekiyorsa (baz\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k ve yap\u0131\u015fma y\u00fczeylerinde) &#8220;L&#8221; ile belirtin.<\/li>\n<li>Genel y\u00fczey gereksinimini ba\u015fl\u0131k blo\u011funda veya resmin k\u00f6\u015fesinde parantez i\u00e7i istisnalarla yaz\u0131n: \u00f6rne\u011fin genel Ra 3,2, parantez i\u00e7inde (Ra 0,8, Ra 1,6) \u00f6zel y\u00fczeyler.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015fleme y\u00f6n\u00fc (paralel, dik, \u00e7apraz) fonksiyonelse sembolde belirtin; s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeylerinde y\u00f6nl\u00fc izler ka\u00e7a\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar.<\/li>\n<li>Kaplama sonras\u0131 m\u0131 \u00f6ncesi mi ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu not edin.<\/li>\n<li>Eski N s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yerine Ra de\u011feri yaz\u0131n; N s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 g\u00fcncel ISO standartlar\u0131nda yer almaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<h3>Ra 0,8 ile Rz 6,3 ayn\u0131 \u015fey mi?<\/h3>\n<p>Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak benzer bir y\u00fczey kalitesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelebilir ancak farkl\u0131 parametrelerdir; biri di\u011ferine kesin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez. Resimde hangisi yaz\u0131yorsa o \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h3>CNC tornada Ra 0,4 ta\u015flamas\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/h3>\n<p>Pirin\u00e7 ve al\u00fcminyumda uygun tak\u0131m ve parametreyle evet; \u00e7elikte kararl\u0131 olarak sa\u011flamak zordur, ta\u015flama veya rulo parlatma gerekir. Kayar otomatta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7aplarda Ra 0,4 rutin say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse par\u00e7a daha kalitelidir denebilir mi?<\/h3>\n<p>Hay\u0131r; kaplama yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve ya\u011f tutma gibi baz\u0131 fonksiyonlar belirli bir p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck ister. Do\u011fru de\u011fer, fonksiyonun gerektirdi\u011fi de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm raporuna girer mi?<\/h3>\n<p>Resimde belirtilen \u00f6zel y\u00fczey gereksinimleri evet; genel y\u00fczey de\u011feri \u00e7o\u011funlukla g\u00f6rsel\/kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma kontrol\u00fcyle do\u011frulan\u0131r. FAI ve PPAP&#8217;ta t\u00fcm belirtilen y\u00fczeyler \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p>Y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, do\u011fru yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fonksiyonu garanti eder, yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda maliyeti sessizce katlar. Genel y\u00fczeye Ra 3,2 (veya 1,6), yaln\u0131zca fonksiyonel y\u00fczeylere daha ince de\u011fer ve gerekli yerde Rz kullanmak hem par\u00e7ay\u0131 hem b\u00fct\u00e7eyi korur. Resimlerinizdeki y\u00fczey gereksinimlerinin maliyet etkisini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/#teklif-formu\">teklif formu<\/a> \u00fczerinden g\u00f6nderin; \u00f6neriler teklifle birlikte gelir. Y\u00fczey i\u015flemleri ve son i\u015flem kapasitemiz i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/cnc-milling\/\">CNC freze<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/cnc-turning\/\">CNC torna<\/a> sayfalar\u0131m\u0131za bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teknik resimlerdeki y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sembol\u00fc, toleranstan sonra maliyeti en \u00e7ok etkileyen ikinci sat\u0131rd\u0131r ve en \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lan sat\u0131rlardan biridir. Bu yaz\u0131 Ra ile Rz aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131, eski N s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ve Rmax&#8217;\u0131, CNC torna ve frezede hangi Ra de\u011ferinin rutin oldu\u011funu, Ra 0,8 ile Ra 0,4 aras\u0131ndaki maliyet u\u00e7urumunu, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve resimde y\u00fczey gereksinimini do\u011fru yazman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1033,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"y\u00fczey p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Ra Rz","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Y\u00fczey P\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Ra, Rz) CNC \u0130malatta Ne Anlama Gelir?","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ra, Rz, Rmax ve N s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark, tornalama ve frezelemede ula\u015f\u0131labilir Ra de\u011ferleri, maliyet etkisi, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemi ve resimde y\u00fczey sembol\u00fc.","_tornelle_badge":"Kalite","_tornelle_src_lang":"tr","_tornelle_en_cover":"1033","_tornelle_de_cover":"1032"},"tornelle_blog_cat":[24],"class_list":["post-460","tornelle_blog","type-tornelle_blog","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tornelle_blog_cat-kalite-ve-standartlar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Y\u00fczey P\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Ra, Rz) CNC \u0130malatta Ne Anlama Gelir?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ra, Rz, Rmax ve N s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark, tornalama ve frezelemede ula\u015f\u0131labilir Ra de\u011ferleri, maliyet etkisi, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemi ve resimde y\u00fczey sembol\u00fc.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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