{"id":700,"date":"2026-10-28T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/?post_type=tornelle_blog&#038;p=700"},"modified":"2026-09-21T23:21:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T20:21:50","slug":"cnc-machining-of-copper-and-copper-alloys","status":"publish","type":"tornelle_blog","link":"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/bakir-ve-bakir-alasimlari-cnc-isleme\/","title":{"rendered":"Bak\u0131r ve Bak\u0131r Ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 CNC \u0130\u015fleme: Elektrolitik Bak\u0131r, Bronz ve \u00d6zel Pirin\u00e7ler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/brass-turned-parts-cuzn39pb3-ms58-swiss-type-turning\/\">Pirin\u00e7 yaz\u0131m\u0131z<\/a> en yayg\u0131n bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 (CuZn39Pb3) anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; bak\u0131r ailesi bundan \u00e7ok daha geni\u015ftir. \u015ealt ekipman\u0131 i\u00e7in iletken baralar, kaynak elektrotlar\u0131 i\u00e7in CuCrZr, di\u015fli ve yatak i\u00e7in kalay bronzu, deniz suyu pompalar\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u00fcminyum bronzu ve i\u00e7me suyu armat\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in kur\u015funsuz pirin\u00e7: her birinin i\u015fleme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve tedarik dinami\u011fi farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu rehber, al\u0131c\u0131 ve tasar\u0131mc\u0131 i\u00e7in bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 CNC perspektifinden \u00f6zetliyor.<\/p>\n<h2>Bak\u0131r Ailesine Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Grup<\/th>\n<th>Tipik kaliteler (EN)<\/th>\n<th>\u00d6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zellik<\/th>\n<th>\u0130\u015flenebilirlik (CuZn39Pb3 = 100)<\/th>\n<th>Tipik uygulama<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Saf bak\u0131r<\/td>\n<td>Cu-ETP (CW004A), Cu-OF (CW008A)<\/td>\n<td>Elektrik\/\u0131s\u0131 iletkenli\u011fi (%100 IACS)<\/td>\n<td>~20<\/td>\n<td>Baralar, kontaklar, \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc par\u00e7alar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 bak\u0131r<\/td>\n<td>CuCrZr (CW106C), CuBe2 (CW101C), CuNi2Si<\/td>\n<td>\u0130letkenlik + dayan\u0131m + yumu\u015fama direnci<\/td>\n<td>~40\u201360<\/td>\n<td>Kaynak elektrotlar\u0131, kal\u0131p so\u011futma, yay kontaklar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kalay bronzu<\/td>\n<td>CuSn8 (CW453K), CuSn12 (CC483K d\u00f6k\u00fcm)<\/td>\n<td>Yatak, a\u015f\u0131nma, korozyon<\/td>\n<td>~40\u201350<\/td>\n<td>Bur\u00e7lar, sonsuz di\u015fli \u00e7arklar, k\u0131zaklar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kur\u015funlu bronz<\/td>\n<td>CuSn7Pb15, CuSn10Pb10 (CC495K\/CC496K)<\/td>\n<td>Kuru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yatak \u00f6zelli\u011fi<\/td>\n<td>~70\u201380<\/td>\n<td>Yatak bur\u00e7lar\u0131, hidrolik pompa plakalar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Al\u00fcminyum bronzu<\/td>\n<td>CuAl10Ni5Fe4 (CW307G), CuAl10Fe3Mn2<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131m, deniz suyu, kavitasyon direnci<\/td>\n<td>~20\u201330<\/td>\n<td>Pervane, pompa, vana, deniz armat\u00fcr\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kur\u015funsuz pirin\u00e7<\/td>\n<td>CuZn21Si3P (CW724R), CuZn42 (CW510L)<\/td>\n<td>\u0130\u00e7me suyu uyumu, RoHS muafiyetsiz<\/td>\n<td>~70\u201390<\/td>\n<td>Armat\u00fcrler, su saya\u00e7lar\u0131, konnekt\u00f6rler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00d6zel pirin\u00e7<\/td>\n<td>CuZn40Mn1Pb1 (CW720R), CuZn35Ni3Mn2AlPb<\/td>\n<td>A\u015f\u0131nma, dayan\u0131m<\/td>\n<td>~60\u201370<\/td>\n<td>Senkrome\u00e7 halkalar\u0131, yatak kafesleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nikel g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \/ Cupronikel<\/td>\n<td>CuNi18Zn20, CuNi10Fe1Mn<\/td>\n<td>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f, deniz suyu korozyonu<\/td>\n<td>~40\u201350<\/td>\n<td>Enstr\u00fcman par\u00e7alar\u0131, deniz boru ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Saf Bak\u0131r: Yap\u0131\u015fkan Tala\u015f\u0131n Y\u00f6netimi<\/h2>\n<p>Elektrolitik bak\u0131r, iletkenlik i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir ama i\u015flemesi zordur: yumu\u015fak, s\u00fcnek ve yap\u0131\u015fkand\u0131r; tala\u015f uzun ve sar\u0131lgan, y\u00fczey kolayca \u00e7izilir, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc tutmak zordur, tak\u0131m ucunda y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma olu\u015fur. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler: \u00e7ok keskin, parlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (kaplamas\u0131z veya elmas benzeri kaplamal\u0131) karb\u00fcr tak\u0131mlar; y\u00fcksek kesme h\u0131z\u0131 (300\u2013600 m\/dk); pozitif geometri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck tala\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131; bol so\u011futma; tala\u015f k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 yerine y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 so\u011futma ile tala\u015f y\u00f6nlendirme; k\u0131lavuz \u00e7ekme yerine di\u015f frezeleme (k\u0131lavuz k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yayg\u0131nd\u0131r). Sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f (H) temper \u00e7ubuk, tavl\u0131 malzemeye g\u00f6re daha iyi i\u015flenir; iletkenlik ayn\u0131 kal\u0131r. Ra 0,8 rutin; Ra 0,4 elmas tak\u0131mla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Tolerans: \u0131s\u0131l genle\u015fme y\u00fcksek (17 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K), \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<h2>CuCrZr ve Y\u00fcksek Dayan\u0131ml\u0131 Bak\u0131rlar<\/h2>\n<p>CuCrZr, saf bak\u0131r\u0131n %80&#8217;i kadar iletkenlikle 400+ MPa dayan\u0131m ve 500 \u00b0C&#8217;ye kadar yumu\u015fama direnci sunar; diren\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 elektrotlar\u0131, enjeksiyon kal\u0131b\u0131 so\u011futma pimleri ve elektrik motoru par\u00e7alar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015flenebilirli\u011fi saf bak\u0131rdan \u00e7ok daha iyidir; standart karb\u00fcr tak\u0131mlarla orta h\u0131zlarda i\u015flenir. CuBe2 (berilyum bak\u0131r\u0131) yay kontaklarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r; toz ve tala\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k riski ta\u015f\u0131r, i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6zel havaland\u0131rma gerekir ve bir\u00e7ok at\u00f6lye kabul etmez; alternatif olarak CuNi2Si veya CuNi3Si1Mg giderek tercih edilir.<\/p>\n<h2>Bronzlar: Yatak ve A\u015f\u0131nma<\/h2>\n<p>Kalay bronzlar\u0131 (CuSn8 d\u00f6vme, CuSn12 d\u00f6k\u00fcm) sonsuz di\u015fli, bur\u00e7 ve k\u0131zaklarda \u00e7elik kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fczeye kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme ve y\u00fcksek y\u00fck kapasitesi sa\u011flar. \u0130\u015flenebilirlik orta; tala\u015f k\u0131sa ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tornada rahatt\u0131r. Kur\u015funlu bronzlar (CuSn7Pb15) kuru veya s\u0131n\u0131r ya\u011flamal\u0131 yatakta kendinden ya\u011flama sa\u011flar ve \u00e7ok kolay i\u015flenir; RoHS kapsam\u0131ndaysa %4 kur\u015fun muafiyet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in dikkat gerekir. D\u00f6k\u00fcm bronzlar s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00e7ubuk veya kokil d\u00f6k\u00fcm ham par\u00e7a olarak gelir; porozite riski nedeniyle s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k gereken par\u00e7alarda d\u00f6vme (CuSn8) tercih edilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/cnc-contract-manufacturing-hydraulic-pneumatic-components\/\">Hidrolik yaz\u0131m\u0131zda<\/a> pompa plakas\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<h2>Al\u00fcminyum Bronzu: Sert ve Dayan\u0131kl\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>CuAl10Ni5Fe4, 600+ MPa dayan\u0131m, deniz suyu ve kavitasyon direnciyle pervane, pompa \u00e7ark\u0131, deniz vanas\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek y\u00fckl\u00fc yataklarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleme \u00e7eli\u011fe benzer: orta kesme h\u0131z\u0131 (80\u2013150 m\/dk), kaplamal\u0131 karb\u00fcr, rijit ba\u011flama; a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve tak\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc kalay bronzuna g\u00f6re k\u0131sad\u0131r. Tala\u015f k\u0131sa. Kaynaklanabilir ve \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem uygulanabilir. Fiyat\u0131 bronzlar aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksektir. Denizcilik uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir sekt\u00f6r yaz\u0131m\u0131z planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Kur\u015funsuz ve \u00d6zel Pirin\u00e7ler<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7me suyu mevzuat\u0131 (AB \u0130\u00e7me Suyu Direktifi, 4MS listesi) ve RoHS muafiyetsiz uyum talebi, kur\u015funsuz pirin\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. CuZn21Si3P (ticari adlar\u0131yla ECOBRASS\/Eco Brass) silisyumla i\u015flenebilirlik kazan\u0131r; CuZn39Pb3&#8217;e yak\u0131n kesme h\u0131zlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ama tak\u0131m a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tala\u015f kontrol\u00fc biraz daha zordur; malzeme fiyat\u0131 %15\u201325 y\u00fcksektir. CuZn42 daha ucuz ama i\u015flenebilirli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00d6zel pirin\u00e7ler (mangan, nikel, al\u00fcminyum katk\u0131l\u0131) a\u015f\u0131nma par\u00e7alar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve orta zorlukta i\u015flenir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/rohs-and-reach-compliance-declaration-for-metal-parts\/\">RoHS\/REACH yaz\u0131m\u0131zda<\/a> kur\u015fun beyan\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Tolerans, Y\u00fczey ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda \u00b10,01 mm tornada ula\u015f\u0131labilir; saf bak\u0131rda esneklik ve genle\u015fme nedeniyle \u00b10,02 daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7idir.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00fczey: pirin\u00e7 ve bronzda Ra 0,4\u20130,8 rutin; saf bak\u0131rda \u00e7izilme riski nedeniyle koruyucu ambalaj \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm: 20 \u00b0C referans; bak\u0131r\u0131n genle\u015fmesi \u00e7eli\u011fin 1,5 kat\u0131d\u0131r, at\u00f6lye ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm odas\u0131 aras\u0131nda 5 \u00b0C fark 100 mm&#8217;de 8 \u00b5m sapma yarat\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Kenar: bak\u0131r ve kur\u015funsuz pirin\u00e7te \u00e7apak yap\u0131\u015fkan olabilir; \u00e7apak alma y\u00f6ntemi (f\u0131r\u00e7a, titre\u015fimli, termal) belirtilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Malzeme Tedariki ve Fiyat<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;de pirin\u00e7 ve bak\u0131r \u00e7ubuk \u00fcretimi vard\u0131r (Sarkuysan, Sarbak ve di\u011ferleri); CuZn39Pb3, Cu-ETP ve baz\u0131 bronzlar stoktan bulunur. CuCrZr, al\u00fcminyum bronzu, kur\u015funsuz pirin\u00e7 ve \u00f6zel ala\u015f\u0131mlar ithal veya sipari\u015fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r (2\u20138 hafta). Fiyat LME bak\u0131r fiyat\u0131na endekslidir ve oynakt\u0131r; uzun vadeli s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde metal endeksleme maddesi standartt\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczey: CuZn39Pb3 \u00e7elik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n 6\u20138 kat\u0131, Cu-ETP 8\u201310 kat\u0131, CuSn8 10\u201314 kat\u0131, CuAl10Ni 12\u201316 kat\u0131, CuCrZr 15\u201320 kat\u0131. Bak\u0131r tala\u015f\u0131 de\u011ferlidir; ciddi tedarik\u00e7iler tala\u015f geri al\u0131m de\u011ferini fiyata yans\u0131t\u0131r (\u00f6zellikle kayar otomatta tala\u015f oran\u0131 %50&#8217;yi a\u015fabilir). Sertifika: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/blog\/what-is-a-material-certificate-en-10204-3-1-and-how-do-you-request-it\/\">3.1 sertifikas\u0131<\/a> kimyasal analiz ve iletkenlik (gerekirse) i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h2>Tasar\u0131mc\u0131 Notlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0130letkenlik gerekiyorsa Cu-ETP; iletkenlik + dayan\u0131m gerekiyorsa CuCrZr veya CuNi2Si; berilyum bak\u0131r\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Yatak i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fczey sertli\u011fine g\u00f6re kalay bronzu veya kur\u015funlu bronz; RoHS kapsam\u0131ndaysa kur\u015funsuz bronz alternatifi de\u011ferlendirin.<\/li>\n<li>Deniz suyu i\u00e7in al\u00fcminyum bronzu veya cupronikel; pirin\u00e7 dezinkle\u015fmeye a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r (DZR pirin\u00e7 hari\u00e7).<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u00e7me suyuyla temas i\u00e7in 4MS listesindeki kur\u015funsuz pirin\u00e7leri belirtin.<\/li>\n<li>Tala\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn: bak\u0131r malzemede hurda de\u011feri y\u00fcksektir ama kay\u0131p yine de fiyata yans\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>S\u0131k Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n<h3>Saf bak\u0131r par\u00e7a neden pirin\u00e7ten daha pahal\u0131 i\u015flenir?<\/h3>\n<p>Yap\u0131\u015fkan tala\u015f, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck i\u015flenebilirlik (pirincin be\u015fte biri), \u00f6zel tak\u0131m ve y\u00fczey koruma gereksinimi i\u015fleme s\u00fcresini 2\u20133 kat art\u0131r\u0131r; malzeme de daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Kur\u015funsuz pirin\u00e7 kayar otomatta i\u015flenir mi?<\/h3>\n<p>Evet; CuZn21Si3P kayar otomatta rutin i\u015flenir, kesme h\u0131z\u0131 biraz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve tak\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc k\u0131sad\u0131r; par\u00e7a fiyat\u0131 kur\u015funlu pirince g\u00f6re %15\u201330 y\u00fcksek olur.<\/p>\n<h3>Bronz bur\u00e7 i\u00e7in d\u00f6k\u00fcm m\u00fc d\u00f6vme mi?<\/h3>\n<p>S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k veya y\u00fcksek y\u00fck gerekiyorsa d\u00f6vme CuSn8; standart yatak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm CuSn12 ekonomiktir.<\/p>\n<h3>Berilyum bak\u0131r\u0131 i\u015fliyor musunuz?<\/h3>\n<p>Sa\u011fl\u0131k riski nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok at\u00f6lye gibi tercih etmiyoruz; CuNi2Si veya CuCrZr alternatifini \u00f6neriyoruz.<\/p>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p>Bak\u0131r ailesi, iletkenlikten yatak \u00f6zelli\u011fine, deniz suyu direncinden i\u00e7me suyu uyumuna kadar geni\u015f bir ihtiya\u00e7 yelpazesini kar\u015f\u0131lar; do\u011fru ala\u015f\u0131m se\u00e7imi ve o ala\u015f\u0131ma uygun i\u015fleme bilgisi, par\u00e7a maliyetini ve \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc belirler. Bak\u0131r, bronz veya \u00f6zel pirin\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in teknik resimleri <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/#teklif-formu\">teklif formumuz<\/a> \u00fczerinden g\u00f6nderin; malzeme alternatifi \u00f6nerisi ve tala\u015f de\u011feri yans\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f teklifle 24 saat i\u00e7inde d\u00f6n\u00fcyoruz. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tornelle.com\/en\/cnc-turning\/\">CNC torna<\/a> sayfam\u0131zda malzeme kapsam\u0131m\u0131z yer al\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bak\u0131r ve ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, elektrik iletkenli\u011fi, \u0131s\u0131 iletimi, korozyon direnci ve yatak \u00f6zellikleriyle CNC par\u00e7ada geni\u015f bir yelpaze olu\u015fturur; ancak saf bak\u0131r\u0131n yap\u0131\u015fkan tala\u015f\u0131 ile al\u00fcminyum bronzunun sertli\u011fi aras\u0131nda i\u015fleme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131 en yayg\u0131n bak\u0131r malzemelerini pratik a\u00e7\u0131dan ele al\u0131yor: elektrolitik bak\u0131r (Cu-ETP, Cu-OF) ve iletken par\u00e7alar, CuCrZr gibi y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 bak\u0131rlar, kalay bronzlar\u0131 (CuSn8, CuSn12) ve yatak uygulamalar\u0131, al\u00fcminyum bronzu (CuAl10Ni) ve deniz suyu dayan\u0131m\u0131, kur\u015funsuz ve \u00f6zel pirin\u00e7ler; her biri i\u00e7in i\u015flenebilirlik, tak\u0131m ve parametre, tolerans ve y\u00fczey, malzeme tedariki, fiyat ve RoHS\/REACH notlar\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1207,"template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 CNC i\u015fleme","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Bak\u0131r ve Bak\u0131r Ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 CNC \u0130\u015fleme: Bak\u0131r, Bronz, Pirin\u00e7","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Cu-ETP, CuCrZr, kalay bronzu, al\u00fcminyum bronzu ve kur\u015funsuz pirin\u00e7lerin CNC i\u015flenmesi: i\u015flenebilirlik, tak\u0131m, tolerans, 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